CVCE.EU by UNI.LU (University of Luxembourg) (accessed on 9 April 2025).

The University of Luxembourg’s CVCE.eu website (former Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe) gives you access to documents and publications on the European integration process. It is a major information source available in English, French and German. Select your language preference in the top left sidebar.

Liargovas, P., Papageorgiou.. In: The European Integration, 1, 2024

This chapter refers to the progress in the implementation of the Single Internal Market and Economic and Monetary Union, the signing of the Treaty on the European Union in 1992, the end of the Eastern Coalition and the Cold War, and the reunification of Germany. It also explores the formation of a European Economic Area (EEA) and assesses some significant institutional reforms.

Guirao, Fernando,Historia del Presente, 40 (2), 2022, pages 11-28.

Este artículo argumenta que el vector principal que articula el tiempo y la forma en que se llevaron a cabo las negociaciones que concluyeron en el Tratado de Unión Europea de 1992 fue la agresiva política monetaria desplegada por el Bundesbank para hacer frente a las inesperadas circunstancias de la fusión de las dos repúblicas alemanas.

Geary, Michael J., Germond, Carine., Patel, Kiran Klaus, Journal of European Integration History, 19 (1, Supplement), 2013, pages 5-139.

Saunier, Georges, Journal of European integration history, 19(1), 2013, pages 45-66.

Between 1989 and December 1991, the French authorities negotiated the Treaty on European Union.

Falkner, Gerda, Journal of European public policy, 9 (1), 2002, pages 98-119.

In the 1991 Intergovernmental Conference (IGC), conflicts over social policy endangered the whole treaty reform package.

Harmsen, Robert, and Nickolas Reinhardt. Chapter in: Uneasy allies: British-German relations and European Integration since 1945, 2000, pages 277–298

The 1990s have seen the adoption of two treaties marking, to varying degrees, the continued development of the European integration project. The Maastricht Treaty or Treaty on European Union was agreed in December 1991 and entered into force, after a turbulent ratification process, in November 1993. The Amsterdam Treaty was agreed in June 1997. Following a protracted but uneventful ratification process, this later treaty entered into force in May 1999. Both Treaties were the product of Intergovernmental Conferences or ‘IGCs’.

Forster, Anthony, Journal of common market studies, 36 (3), 1998. pages 347-368.

This article critically examines the liberal intergovernmental approach to bargaining in the European Union.

Glaesner, H. J., Europarecht, (2, Beilage), 1995, pages 15-22.

Der Bericht gibt einen historischen Überblick der zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen in Europa auf dem Weg zur Europäischen Union von der Nachkriegszeit bis zum Vertrag von Maastricht. Der Autor stellt fest, dass obwohl der Vertrag der Europäischen Union ein wichtiger Schritt war, die Zusammenarbeit der Mitgliedstaaten bis heute nicht auf allen Gebieten möglich war, da ihr Traditionen und nationale Geschichte entgegen standen.-

De pecunia, 4 (2, numéro spécial), 1992, 173 pages.

Analysis of the Treaty content : p. 11 -- Comments about the ratification : p. 73 -- Technical analysis : p. 107 -- The ECU markets : p. 145 -- Historical analysis : p. 153.

Noël, Emile, Government and opposition, 27 (2), 1992, pages 148-157.

The author outlines the negotiations leading to the treaty. He focusses on the major elements of the treaty, i.e. those concerned with EMU and those concerned with political union, and compares their likely effectiveness. Finally, the implications of references to a common defence policy are considered.

Report from Brussels, (206), 1991, pages 1-6.

This report discusses the agreements reached at the Maastricht European Council in December 1991 and, in particular, the implications of the provisions agreed for economic and monetary union.