Kasmieh, K., in The Different aspects of Islamic culture, v. 6, pt. I: Islam in the World today, Retrospective of the evolution of Islam and the Muslim world, UNESCO, 2016.

The United Nations resolution of 29 November 1947 represented a major triumph for Zionist diplomacy and efforts over half a century. While falling far short of the full-blown Zionist aspiration for a state comprising the whole of Palestine and Jerusalem, it provided an invaluable charter of international legitimacy for the creation of an independent Jewish state. Although most of the political leaders of Zionism were disappointed with the idea of an independent Palestinian state and the exclusion of Jerusalem, they had grave doubts about the viability of the Jewish state within the United Nation borders. But still, the United Nations resolution represented a tremendous gain of international support for the establishment of a Jewish state, hence their decision to go along with it.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, United Nations, 2023.

The study focuses on the economic cost of the Israeli occupation of Area C, which accounts for about 60 per cent of the total area of the occupied West Bank. While the occupation also imposes significant restrictions on Palestinian economic activity in Areas A and B, it imposes more restrictions in Area C. This report estimates the cost of these additional restrictions on economic activities in Area C, outside the settlements. The economic cost is estimated by applying an innovative, well-established methodology that uses nighttime luminosity (NTL), captured by satellite sensors over a span of time, to estimate levels of economic activity.

United Nations Women, 2024.

Since 7 October 2023, large-scale Israeli military operations in the Gaza Strip, including aerial bombing and ground offensives, have killed more than 41,000 people. Women and children account for over half of all fatalities. Some 95,000 people have been injured, and approximately 75 per cent of the population has been displaced. Most people reside in overcrowded shelters with limited access to food, water and sanitation. The war has caused a catastrophic public health crisis, leading to a spike in preventable deaths, the rapid spread of diseases, and high rates of physical and mental illnesses. After more than 11 months of war, an estimated 177,000 women face life-threatening health risks, including from non-communicable diseases and hunger and poor nutrition during pregnancy.

United Nations Women, 2025.

Overview
Chapters

Between October 2023 and late November 2024, Lebanon experienced the largest escalation of hostilities with Israel since the 2006 War. Intense Israeli airstrikes coupled with evacuation orders across Lebanon, including in eastern and southern Lebanon and the southern suburbs of Beirut, resulted in mass displacement and heightened socioeconomic vulnerabilities among affected populations. As of 24 November 2024, close to 900,000 individuals were displaced due to the conflict, with women and girls making up 51 per cent of the internally displaced population. Of an estimated 260,000 households, close to 21 per cent were women-led households. Additionally, more than 80,000 Syrians and 3,466 Palestinian refugees in Lebanon were among the displaced.

Lecoquierre, M., European University Institute, 2016.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict centres on ensuring the control of land and territory; space thus plays a critical role in the power relations between the parties involved in the conflict. Acknowledging space as a central tool of domination used by the Israeli authorities, the following question arises: how is space mobilized by those opposing this control? This thesis endeavours to shed light on the way in which space can become both a resource for and an outcome of protest, with an emphasis placed on the way it is used in and produced through practices of resistance. This research will utilise a comparative approach, relying on material collected in the course of fieldwork conducted between 2012 and 2014 in Israel and Palestine.

Oral, D., in Peace movements in militaristic societies: Israel and Turkey as unidentical twins, European University Institute, 2018.

This chapter provides a brief background of the history of the State of Israel, from its creation to the present day. It focusses on turning points that were generally considered to have had an impact on the peace process, which had always failed without reaching a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, United Nations, 2023.

La présente étude porte sur le coût économique de l’occupation israélienne dans la zone C, qui représente environ 60 % de la superficie totale de la Cisjordanie occupée. Dans cette zone, l’occupation impose encore plus de restrictions à l’activité économique palestinienne que dans les zones A et B, où les restrictions sont déjà drastiques. L’étude fournit une estimation du coût de ces restrictions supplémentaires pour les activités économiques menées en dehors des limites des conseils régionaux des colonies.

United Nations Palestine Rights Committee, United Nations, 2014.

This publication reflects the position of the United Nations that a negotiated solution to the Palestine question must be based on the principles embodied in Security Council resolutions 242 (1967), and 338 (1973), reflecting the longstanding position of the international community and the basis for the Middle East peace process.

Kasmieh, K., in The Different aspects of Islamic culture, v. 6, pt. I: Islam in the World today, Retrospective of the evolution of Islam and the Muslim world, UNESCO, 2016.

Over the years the Palestine problem has generated concentric circles of expanding conflict. From the early 1880s to 1948 the conflict was prepon-derantly between the Jewish community of Palestine and the indigenous Arab Palestinians. From 1948 to 1967 the conflict was preponderantly between Israel and the neighboring Arab countries. In the period since 1967 the struggle has grown to new dimensions despite all aspects of the peace process since 1979. A cursory look at the developments since 1979 would reveal the adverse – and often bizarre – effects of the persistence of this conflict on regional stability, Western interests and super power relations.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2024.

Israel has occupied Gaza and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, since June 1967. Despite the “withdrawal” of Israel from Gaza in 2005, it has retained control over its airspace and all land and sea borders, except for the 12 km border with Egypt. Since the early 1990s, and greatly amplified after 2007, the Palestinian people in Gaza have been subjected to prolonged and severe restrictions on their movement that, in combination with tight restrictions on trade in goods, in effect amount to a blockade on the densely populated 365 km2 Gaza Strip. Furthermore, Israel does not allow the construction and operation of air or seaports and bans or restricts the importation of critical production inputs and technology.

United Nations Palestine Rights Committee and University of Galway, United Nations, 2023.

This thorough legal analysis aspires to contribute to an informed discourse, empowering individuals and institutions with the knowledge and tools to advocate for justice, accountability and the realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. By examining the relevant international legal instrnments, conventions and resolutions, the study also provides a comprehensive appraisal of the legal obligations and responsibilities incumbent on the occupying Power and the parties involved.

United Nations, 2022.

The Occupied Palestinian Territory has been occupied by Israel since 1967; the Oslo Agreements (1994 and 1997) transferred security and civilian responsibility of specified areas in the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority (PA). In 2006, Hamas won the Legislative Council elections and took control of the Gaza Strip and approaches for a unified government failed and reconciliation attempts have been stalled in recent years. In addition to the Israeli blockade of Gaza, starting in 2007, the escalation and cyclical nature of hostilities in 2008, 2014, and 2021 between the two parties has been the main source of ERW contamination. The State of Palestine is a party to the APMBC, the Convention on Cluster Munitions, and the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (Protocols I, III, V).

Ferrer, M., Geneve Academy, 2017.

The article starts by analysing the current situation in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and Gaza, and discusses the timeframe and challenges related to the preliminary examination of the situation in Palestine by the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. The article ends by highlighting key 2017 developments and parties to the conflict.

IMF Middle East and Central Asia Deptment, International Monetary Fund, 2023.

Years of isolation and continuous conflicts have left Gaza’s economic development far behind that of the West Bank. In 2022, per capita income in Gaza was only a quarter of that in the West Bank, and unemployment and poverty rates were much higher. This reflects much lower employment and investment rates as well as considerably lower productivity growth. While Israeli-imposed restrictions on access and movement of labor and goods severely hinder trade outcomes and productive capacity in both West Bank and Gaza, restrictions are far more severe for Gaza.