European Commission: Joint Research Centre, Bongiardo, D., Chiaramello, D., Dara, A., Cortinovis, R. et al., Atlas of migration 2024, Bongiardo, D.(editor), Dara, A.(editor), Crespi, I.(editor) and Sofos, I.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2024.

The 2024 edition of the Atlas continues to serve as a vital tool for policymakers, researchers and the public at large, offering a wealth of data to cut through the confusion and misinformation that often surrounds the discourse on migration.

European Committee of the Regions: Commission for Citizenship, Governance, Institutional and External Affairs, Chmiel, O., Kulesa, A., Robaszewski, A., Sidło, K. et al., Capacity building for local and regional authorities in the light of the Ukraine Facility (Pillar III), Publications Office of the European Union, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2863/7567823

The study examines the newly established Ukraine Facility, with particular focus on its Pillar III providing for technical assistance, capacity-building for local and regional authorities and other supporting measures helping Ukraine along its path to future EU membership. The study includes an annex in the form of an easy reference guide/handbook for LRA's on available funding opportunities and support for partnerships.

European Committee of the Regions: Commission for Citizenship, Governance, Institutional and External Affairs, Aleszko-Lessels, O., Bieliei, S., Dragouni, O., Gliniecka, M. et al., Division of powers – Multi-level governance structures in the EU enlargement countries, European Committee of the Regions, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2863/7448081

Institutional decentralisation is crucial for the health of democratic societies, as it cultivates effective local leadership and enables the resolution of local issues by empowering decision-makers at the level closest to the citizen. This study provides an overview of the institutional decentralisation levels in the EU Enlargement countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kosovo*, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Türkiye, and Ukraine).

European Parliament: Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union, Posseme, B., Poulin, F., Boillet, C., Gouret, M. et al., European Parliament, 2024.

This study analyses the present and future of the European electricity and gas infrastructure, exploring production capacity scenarios and their impact on the electricity system (including the role of interconnections, transmission and distribution grids, prosumers, and storage). It also assesses the potential impact of renewable hydrogen development in terms of production and transport. Furthermore, it discusses Ukraine’s synchronisation with the EU power grid and its potential impact on the EU energy system. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE).

European Committee of the Regions and European Economic and Social Committee, English-Ukrainian communication booklet, Publications Office of the European Union, 2024.

Produced by the Directorate for Translation of the European Economic and Social Committee and the European Committee of the Regions.

European External Action Service and Borrell Fontelles, J., Europe in the 'arc of fire' – EU foreign policy in 2024, Publications Office of the European Union, 2024.

2024 has confirmed how much Europe is in danger. From Ukraine to the Middle East, via South Caucasus, the Horn of Africa or the Sahel, conflicts and crises have been multiplying on our doorstep. Not forgetting the rising tensions in the South China Sea. All of this at a time where the US commitment to European security is becoming much more uncertain. We have continued to support Ukraine, but we have not managed to provide enough resources to stop Russia’s constant attacks on Ukrainian civilian infrastructures and its advance into Donetsk.

European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication. Publications Office of the European Union, 2024-.

In response to the unprovoked and unjustified military aggression against Ukraine, the EU has imposed unprecedented sanctions against Russia, designed to: reduce the Kremlin’s ability to finance the war; impose clear economic and political costs on Russia’s political elite; diminish Russia’s economic base. These measures are targeted, are not affecting energy and agrifood export from Russia to third countries, and are well coordinated with our allies.

European Commission: Directorate-General for Communication, EU solidarity with Ukraine, Publications Office of the European Union, 2025-.

The EU stands united in its unwavering support for Ukraine in the face of Russia’s war of aggression and its illegal attempts to annex Ukrainian territory. The EU continues to work relentlessly with international partners to make sure Ukraine receives the material support it needs and to hold Russia accountable for its actions. The EU has also offered temporary protection to over four million people fleeing the war and is committed to continue providing strong political, financial, economic, humanitarian, military and diplomatic support to Ukraine and its people for as long as it takes. The EU opened accession negotiations with Ukraine.

European Parliament: Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union, Umland, A. and Ioffe, Y., European Parliament, 2024.

On 13 November 2023, a workshop was organised on behalf of the Human Rights Subcommittee focusing on the forcible transfer and deportation of Ukrainian children by Russia, which has taken place since 2014 and vastly intensified since the full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022. Ukrainian, EU and third country diplomatic and political efforts to stop the deportations and repatriate children were looked at, along with initiatives by the civil society.

European Commission: Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture, Publications Office of the European Union, 2024.

The report presents the results of the survey on the inclusion of displaced children from Ukraine in education across the European Union for the school year 2023-2024. Approximately 700,000 displaced children from Ukraine are estimated to be enrolled in schools from early childhood education and care to upper secondary education across the EU. The 23 Member States participating in the survey have all mobilised extensive support for students, families, teachers, and educational institutions across different levels and sectors, and over half of Member States require children from Ukraine to attend local schools.

European Committee of the Regions, Joint statement on empowering local and regional authorities for the reconstruction and future EU accession of Ukraine, Publications Office of the European Union, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2863/6532893

We commit to develop the Alliance into the most credible and useful collaboration platform for supporting the role and needs of Ukrainian and EU Local and Regional Authorities (LRAs) in the context of Ukraine’s reconstruction. We advocate for a decentralised recovery and reforms as part of Ukraine’s path to EU accession and in line with the European Charter of Local Self-Government. We welcome the ongoing update of the Ukraine's Decentralisation Reform Concept supported by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe and seek enhanced coordination with the Committee of the Regions' Working Group on Ukraine.

European Parliament: Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services and Webb, P., European Parliament, 2024.

This report analyses the options under international law for the confiscation of Russian state assets to support Ukraine's reconstruction. It focuses on Russian Central Bank assets, US$300 billion of which are frozen in various jurisdictions. The report considers four avenues for overcoming Russia's immunity from enforcement: avoidance of immunity through purely executive or legislative action; justification for the breach of international law on the grounds that it is a countermeasure; evolution of international law to lift immunity from enforcement upon, for example, a finding of aggression by a United Nations principal organ; and an exception in international law for the enforcement of international judgments.

European University Institute and Soloviova, A., Local energy solutions in times of crisis – The impact of community-led energy initiatives in Ukraine, European University Institute, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2870/0139788

Since February 2022, Ukraine’s centralized energy infrastructure has been severely damaged and disrupted by systematic Russian attacks. In response, Ukraine has sought ways to overcome its energy crisis. As a result, Ukrainian communities have become the hubs of decentralized energy initiatives that not only address the immediate challenges of wartime, but also lay the foundation for a more resilient and sustainable energy future.

European University Institute, Keda, M., Dražanová, L., Lashchuk, I., Geddes, A. et al., Migration governance in times of crisis and disinformation – The case of Ukraine, European University Institute, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2870/1789222

Public support for Ukrainian refugees in Europe is shaped not only by humanitarian motives, but also, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, by the geopolitical threat from Russia. Disinformation framing Ukrainian refugees as a burden or threat to the EU often peak around key political events. The integration of Ukrainian women under temporary protection in the EU labour market is hindered by a combination of structural factors and personal circumstances, including language barriers, childcare responsibilities, limited recognition of qualifications, precarious employment and the uncertainty over their temporary legal status. Cultural participation is a vital tool for migration governance, helping bridge the gap between temporariness and integration by supporting the wellbeing, resilience and inclusion of displaced Ukrainians, especially women.

European Union Institute for Security Studies, Andersson, J. and Simon, S., Minding the drone gap – Drone warfare and the EU, Publications Office of the European Union, 2024.

As the EU Member States ramp up arms production in support of Ukraine and for their own defence, the proliferation of armed drones and countermeasures is a growing concern. This poses important questions for the future of warfare and the European defence industry. The impact of drones varies significantly however depending on their type, highlighting the need for a clear definition of the term. Furthermore, the effectiveness of countermeasures significantly influences the extent to which drones can impact military operations and civilian infrastructure. The EU can support Ukraine's drone warfare efforts and build its own drone and counter-drone capabilities by leveraging the Union’s strengths: a strong and innovative industrial base, close cooperation with Ukraine, and a burgeoning EU defence industry policy.

European Parliament: Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union, Koops, J. A., Costea, S., Pelosi, G., Rishko, V. et al., Parliaments in the EU enlargement process – Strengthening capacities of accession country parliaments under the evolving enlargement methodology, Publications Office of the European Union, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2861/8484865

This study explores the role and enhancement of parliamentary capacities in the European Union (EU) enlargement process, focusing on the EU’s evolving accession methodology and its emphasis on the ‘fundamentals’ approach. It examines the European Commission’s criteria for ‘functioning democratic institutions’ in accession countries and evaluates the effectiveness of support measures from EU institutions, Member States, and international organisations.

European Union Institute for Security Studies and Scazzieri, L., Plugging the gap – How Europe can keep Ukraine supplied with the means to defend itself, Publications Office of the European Union, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2815/4586459

Europeans need to adapt to a new strategic reality where the US provides minimal assistance to Ukraine – or potentially none. This will not be easy given Kyiv’s reliance on Washington for military equipment, as well as communications and intelligence support. In some areas, there are European alternatives to US equipment and the key challenge is increasing production. But Europeans would struggle to fully replace US communications and intelligence support if it was cut off. To mitigate the impact of reduced US support, European countries should deploy a mix of mutually reinforcing strategies. These include boosting defence production in Ukraine and in Europe, rapidly investing in critical missing capabilities, and purchasing equipment for Kyiv from Washington.

European Commission: Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture, Recommendations from the European Commission-led expert group on the safeguarding of cultural heritage in Ukraine, Publications Office of the European Union, 2024.

Culture is a key factor for a participative and people-centred approach and should be prioritised for the recovery of post-war society. To achieve this, it is important to promptly safeguard cultural heritage, given the current emergency situation in Ukraine, through integrated and cross-sectoral cooperation and multilevel policymaking at the local, national and international levels. ‘Recovery and reconstruction should enable people to connect to their heritage, identity and history’ (UNESCO’s Warsaw Recommendation on Recovery and Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage, 2018). Rights-based approaches, gender, age, disability and diverse cultural perspectives should be integrated into all policies and practices. Cultural heritage is an asset that reaches beyond signatory monuments and sites and that provides resources for (re)construction, social life, continuity, identity and meaning-making.

Belis, C. A., Petrosian, A., Turos, O., Maremuhka, T., Morhulova, V. et al., Status of environment and climate in Ukraine – Assessing the impact of war and its implications for reconstruction, Publications Office of the European Union, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/6292177

The present report provides an overall picture of the status of environment and climate - air quality, emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases - (GHG), forests, soil and marine environment in Ukraine. The analysis is based on available studies by JRC and other sources. However, the report does not cover all environmental areas as completeness and quality of data varies across the different topics. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has exacerbated pre-existing challenges related to environmental monitoring and the enforcement of environmental regulations, further complicating this assessment. The information summarised in this study provides for the first time the basis for assessing the impact of war in Ukraine with reference to specific environment and climate aspects, including relevant elements for the reconstruction of the country.

European Union Institute for Security Studies, Kovalčíková, N., De Agostini, L. and Catena, B., Strengthening resilience in the East – How the EU can empower countries against foreign interference, Publications Office of the European Union, 2024.

Foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) challenges EU strategic interests in the Eastern Neighbourhood, impacting not just communication and democratic processes but also partner countries’ security. In the ‘Eastern trio’ of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine, FIMI risks have escalated, threatening both candidate countries and the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The EU should consider adapting its CSDP to address these rising threats, as highlighted in the new Civilian Compact, and prioritise integrating FIMI countermeasures into the core of its CSDP efforts, especially in regions of strategic interest. EUPM Moldova demonstrates how CSDP can strengthen resilience across multiple domains. The mission could serve as a blueprint for designing more flexible CSDP missions to respond to this challenge.

European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Yegorov, I. and Tautiyeva, L., Support to Ukraine on research infrastructure policy – Background report, Yegorov, I.(editor) and Tautiyeva, L.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/4728571

This PSF background report provides the overview of the situation in R&D sector in Ukraine with the focus on the state of development of research infrastructures in 2024. The report first outlines Ukraine`s R&I system’s policies, legislation and governance arrangements followed by the analysis of the RI landscape, including the governance architecture and funding methods. The analysis takes into consideration the recent policy developments in the R&I sector and the impact of the war on research sector, including research infrastructures. The analysis covers the implementation of recommendation of the previous PSF exercise (2016) by the Ukrainian government, taking stock of the progress made on PSF recommendations.

European Institute for Gender Equality, Bardho, E., Costa, D., Fabré Rosell, C., Jansen, N. et al., Publications Office of the European Union, 2024.

This report presents the findings of a study launched following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine on 24 February 2022, which led to a displacement of an unprecedented scale and forced over 8 million people – mostly women and children – to flee Ukraine and seek refuge and protection across Europe (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) data, as of 9 May 2023). The overarching objective of this report is to assess the availability of specialised services available in the European Union for victims of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV)