The price of energy is paramount for European industrial capacity and citizens’ cost of living. Energy costs in Europe are much more expensive compared to other major players due to a lack of natural resources, lack of collective bargaining power, and delays in clean energy infrastructure development.

The EU is the first coalition of countries to have enshrined in law a net zero carbon emissions goal by 2050. To meet this climate goal, the EU relies on a mix of market-based policies such as emissions trading and carbon border adjustment, and regulations such as energy efficiency and vehicle emissions standards.

The German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP) advises the German government and parliament on questions of foreign and security policy.

The Energy, Resources and Climate Change (ERCC) unit specialises in tackling complex policy and regulatory challenges related to the net-zero and green transition. The team provides cutting-edge research and informed policy recommendations in the domains of energy transition and renewables, circularity and sustainability policies, climate policy and industrial decarbonisation, and critical raw materials.

In the face of the climate emergency and geopolitical confrontations, how can we reconcile security of supply, competitiveness, accessibility, decarbonization and acceptability? What policies are needed?

EGMONT – The Royal Institute for International Relations is an independent think tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom.

The mission of the Council on Foreign Relations is to inform U.S. engagement with the world.

Bruegel is the European think tank that specialises in economics. Our mission is to improve the quality of economic policy with open and fact-based research, analysis and debate.

The EU energy policy is facing the challenges of ensuring a reliable energy supply at affordable prices, creating a competitive internal energy market and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The cep examines EU projects to decarbonise and diversify energy supply, to increase energy efficiency, to promote renewable energies and to expand trans-European energy networks (TEN-E).