CVCE.eu (University of Luxembourg) (accessed on 19 November 2024).

The University of Luxembourg’s CVCE.eu website (former Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe) gives you access to documents and publications on the European integration process. It is a major information source.

Liargovas, P., Papageorgiou, C. In: The European Integration, 1, 2024

This chapter refers to the progress in the implementation of the Single Internal Market and Economic and Monetary Union, the signing of the Treaty on the European Union in 1992, the end of the Eastern Coalition and the Cold War, and the reunification of Germany. It also explores the formation of a European Economic Area (EEA) and assesses some significant institutional reforms.

Guasconi, Maria Eleonora, Hanhimäki, Jussi M., Blumenau, Bernhard, Zanchetta, Barbara. In:
New Perspectives on the End of the Cold War, 2018, pages 187-199.

This chapter first deals with the effects of the completion of the single market and with the debate opened among the European foreign ministers in the framework of the mechanism called European Political Cooperation (EPC). … Then, the chapter focuses on the relationship between the EC and the Soviet Union. Through this focus, it demonstrates if and how the completion of the single market and the revival of European integration in the second half of the 1980s affected Mikhail Gorbachev's diplomatic concept of a European Common Home and how this project was perceived by the European governments.

Dinan, Desmond, Laursen, F., Laursen, Finn. Chapter in: Designing the European Union, 2012, pages 124-214.

The Single European Act (SEA) is an unassuming name for a far-reaching reform of the Rome Treaty, a reform that helped revitalise political and economic integration in the late 1980s and that paved the way for the launch of the European Union in 1993.

Parsons, Craig, Comparative political studies, 43 (6), 2010, pages 706-734.

The European program of liberalization launched by the Single European Act (SEA) of 1987 is commonly seen as a powerful instance of “globalization” trends of economic integration, liberalization, and international institution building. This article revisits the origins of the SEA to argue that the extent and success of its liberalizing program depended on a causally distinct push for European institutional reform. A retracing of concrete political patterns behind the SEA greatly strengthens broader statistical and theoretical challenges to the notion of strong universal trends of globalization.

Compston, Hugh, Journal of European public policy, 5 (3), 1998, pages 507-526.

n this article [it] is put to the test by examining the incidence and extent of national-level policy concertation in eleven West European countries during the decade following the passage of the Single European Act in 1985. It is found that rumours of the death of concertation are greatly exaggerated: there was no general decline in policy concertation during this period.

Cameron, Fraser. In: Foreign policy of the European Union: From EPC to CFSP and beyond, 1997, pages 99-108.

This sentence in the 1987 Single European Act (SEA) provided the legalbasis for the growing involvement of the Commission in political coopera-tion. The SEAalso gave the Commission (together with the presidency)responsibility for ensuring consistency in the external policies of theCommunity.

Campbell Potter, Barbara, Vanderbilt Journal of transnational law, 26 (2), 1993, pages 249-269.

In this article, the author discusses the interaction of the European Community (EC) institutions and the effect the Single European Act (SEA) will have on EC law-making.

Hurwitz, Leon, National forum, 72 (2), 1992, pages 12-16.

Garrett, G., International Organization, 46 (2), 1992, pages 533-560.

This article analyses the formation of the internal market and attempts to explain those elements of its organisation which are not covered by earlier organisational models. Interstate bargaining over the SEA (Single European Act) is studied and the consequences of the SEA for European political economy discussed. The influence of political pressures on the European Court is considered

Pedersen, Thomas, Cooperation and conflict, 27 (1), 1992, pages 7-44.

This article departs from the traditional assumption that no single integration theory can account for all aspects of EC developments... A final section [of the article] examines the extent to which the adoption of the Single European Act can be said to have constituted a system transformation.

Brabant, Jozef M. van., United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Development, Journal of development planning, (21), 1992.

Starace, Vincenzo, Diritto comunitario e degli scambi internazionali, (4),1992, pages 583-597.

Sommario: 1. Le novità oggetto di esame nel presente lavoro - 2. L ’estensione del criterio delle. -- Votazioni a maggioranza qualificata in seno al Consiglio -- 3. La procedura di cooperazione con il Parlamento Europeo -- 4. La procedura di parere conforme del Parlamento Europeo - 5. Le competenze di esecuzione della Commissione - 6. Valutazione d’insieme delle innovazioni esaminate.

Hayes-Renshaw, F., European Trends, The Economist Intelligence Unit, (1), 1990, pages 74-80.

This article examines the decision-making process in the EC Council and shows how the Single European Act has changed this process through the introduction of the cooperation procedure and the move to majority voting in certain cases. The reasons for the high degree of participation by national officials in the Community's decision-making process are examined.

Hilf, Meinhard, European journal of international law, 1 (1), 1990, pages 89-117.

Law and political psychology are two of the various instruments used to reform societies. Both of these forms are at work in the Single European Act (SEA) which had and continues to have revolutionary effects. The now realistic vision of a unified internal market has created astonishing reactions - both inside and outside the European Community (EC).

Leanza, Umberto, Journal of regional policy, 10 (2), 1990, pages 201-215.

Following a brief history and description of the Single European Act (voting procedures and the role of the institutions), this paper examines the concept of an Internal Market and the problem of harmonising the various national legal systems (the customs union, technical norms, fiscal disparities, the introduction of the article 100A...). The author goes on to consider the legal implications of the 1993 deadline, the difficulties that still exist and the potential economic benefits.

Ehlermann, Claus-Dieter, Aussenpolitik, English edition, 41 (2), 1990, pages 135-146.

This paper looks at the relationship between the Single European Act (SEA) and Project "1992" and at the effect that the SEA has had on the workings of each of the Community's main institutions. It emphasises the importance of the introduction of the majority vote rule for the decision-making process in the Council of Ministers, the increased influence of the European Parliament through the cooperative procedures and the increased political weight of the Commission.

Panebianco, M., Journal of regional policy, 10 (1), 1990, pages 53-65.

The author examines various aspects of the Single Act: the achievements of each stage, the dualistic nature of the concept of the European Union mixing integration with co-operation concerted action, the institutional reform, and the article 30, which governs European political co-operation with regard to foreign policy.

Riesenfeld, Stefan A., Hastings international and comparative law review, 13(3), 1990, pages 371-371.

Kirchner, E. J., Revue d'intégration européenne = Journal of European integration, 13 (1), 1989, pages 1-14.

The paper analyzes the Single European Act (SEA) provisions dealing with European Political Cooperation (EPC) and the internal market, and the possible links between the SEA and existing bilateral defence cooperation, especially Franco-German. The potential for an EC security policy is assessed in the light of existing structures and developments within the international environment, NATO and West European Union (WEU).

Stein, E., The international lawyer, 23 (4), 1989, pages 977-994.

Analysis of the significance of the adoption of the Single European Act in 1986 for the system of foreign affairs. Two important aspects of the SEA are dealt with in particular: the incorporation of the European Political Cooperation (EPC) and the liberalization of the voting procedure in the Community Council, designed to assure the completion of the internal market within the 1992 deadlines.

Bermann, George A., The Columbia journal of transnational law, 27(3), 1989, pages 529-587.

The author discusses the recently ratified Single European Act 1986 (EC) which represents the most comprehensive revision to date of the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community. The author states that the Act brings programmatic change and limited structural reform.

Murphy, Daniel T., Boston College international and comparative law review, 12 (2), 1989, pages 335-355.

The purpose of this Article is to examine the pressures which led to the change in EPC and to consider how this system will function in the future. This Article begins with a discussion of EPC before the SEA and then reviews the origins of title III and the SEA. Next, the Article analyzes the process of EPC after the SEA. Finally, this Article considers the impact of the SEA on EPC in the future.

Ungerer, Werner, Integration, (3), 1989, pages 95-106.

Der Beitrag analysiert die Entscheidungsverfahren im Rat, die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Europäischen Parlament und das Zustimmungsrecht, das Verfahren der Zusammenarbeit, die interinstitutionelle Vereinbarung und die Durchführungsbefugnisse der Kommission, und stellt fest dass die EEA positive Auswirkungen auf den Entscheidungsprozess der Gemeinschaft hat: die Entscheidungen fallen schneller, die Zusammenarbeit Rat/Parlament hat sich verbessert.

Waelbroeck, Michel, Cahiers de droit européen, 25 (1-2), 1989. pages 41-62.

Interrogation sur les risques d'une résurgence des protectionnismes nationaux découlant de l'Acte unique et analyse de l'acquis jurisprudentiel au moment de son entrée en vigueur concernant notamment la discrimination matérielle, la discrimination indirecte et le "principe d'équivalence" (arrêt Cassis de Dijon). Etude des innovations introduites par l'Acte unique (le "marché intérieur", la nouvelle procédure d'harmonisation, la reconnaissance de l'équivalence des dispositions nationales).

Corbett, Richard, European affairs, 3(2), 1989, pages. 26-29.

This article examines the changes in the powers of the European Parliament that were introduced by the Single European Act and shows how they have helped increase its influence in the Community's legislative procedures and in the internal market legislation in particular.

Perrakis, Stelios, Revue du Marche Commun, (330), 1989, pages 488-495.

Etude de l'impact de l'Acte Unique sur le cadre institutionnel de la politique extérieure (le rôle des institutions et le mécanisme de prise de décision), et sur la présence de la Communauté dans les relations internationales (représentation internationale, participation aux travaux des organisations internationales, conclusion d'accords d'adhésion et association et d'accords de commerce et de coopération)

Hayder, Roberto, Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrechtl 53 (04),1989, pages 622-693.

1. Einleitung -- 1. EWG-Vertrag und Rechtsangleichung -- 2. Rechtliche Einordnung und Entstehungszusammenhänge der Einheitlichen Europäischen Akte -- 3. Das Weißbuch der Kommission und die neue Strategie der Harmonisierung -- II. Die Verwirklichung des Binnenmarktes? Ein neues Ziel der Rechtsangleichung? -- l. Der Binnenmarkt in der Konzeption des EWG-Vertrages -- 2. Leitlinien der Rechtsangleichung zur Verwirklichung des Binnenmarktes -- 3. Die zeitliche Vorgabe des 31. 12. 1992 -- III. Die neuen Handlungsermächtigungen zur Verwirklichung des Binnenmarktes -- 1. Harmonisierungsmaßnahmen nach Artikel 100a EWGV -- 2. Gegenseitige Anerkennung der Gleichwertigkeit mitgliedstaatlicher Rechtsvorschriften -- IV. Der Luxemburger Kompromiss? -- V. Integrationspolitischer Ausblick -- Summary.

Schildhaus, Aaron, The International lawyer, 23(2), 1989, pages 549-555.

The SEA (the Act) consists of four titles, of which title 11 is by far the most important and far-reaching, since it contains major amendments to the Treaties of Paris and Rome and includes, inter alia, the provisions for the establishment of an internal market in Europe by the end of 1992.

Adamson, P., Commerce in Belgium, American Chamber of Commerce, (428), 1988. pages 3-5.

This article points out the consequences the SEA has in practice for those wishing to influence the Community policy and legislation making process. It explains the different levels of the Political Cooperation Procedure and of the Cooperation Procedure (first reading: no time limit; second reading: time limits)

Panebianco, M., Journal of regional policy, 8 (1), 1988, pages 35-58.

This article assesses the features and the limits of the new reform of the Community Treaties, focusing on its constitutional significance. It describes the present system of the Union under the Single Act, and its development from the Stuttgart declaration (1983) to the Spinelli project (1984)

Blumann, Claude, Revue trimestrielle de droit européen, 24 (1), 1988, pages 23-59.

L'article étudie comment les modifications apportées par l'Acte unique et la décision du Conseil 87/373 du 13 juillet 1987 marquent la promotion de la Commission au rang d'exécutif de droit commun (le Conseil est tenu d'attribuer des compétences d'exécution à la Commission, ce qui modifie l'étendue des compétences accordées) mais aussi comment le Conseil conserve la maîtrise des modalités d'exercice de la fonction exécutive, c'est-à-dire le libre choix parmi diverses procédures, qui sont ici détaillées.

MacElhenny, Michele Anne, Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 39 (1), 1988, pages 54-72.

The paper analyses the implications of the institutional and legislative changes (creation of a Court of first instance, legislative powers of the Commission, Co-operation Procedure which entrances the role of the Parliament), the changes in voting procedures, the new provisions on the Internal Market, and the new areas of Community competence; the opposition to the ratification of the Act in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Louis, Jean-Victor, Common Market Law Review, 25 (1), 1988, pages 9-34.

The article analyzes the origin and the elaboration of the chapter "Cooperation in economic and monetary policy (Economic and Monetary Union)" introduced by the Single European Act as Art. 102A into the Treaty, then goes into the consequences of these new provisions.

Boixareu Carrera, Ángel, Gaceta Juridica de la CEE Boletín. (57), 1988, pages 311-363.

Análisis de primer año de aplicación del Acta Unica. En primer lugar las modificaciones institucionales generales por el Acta Unica Europea, y en segundo lugar, diversas políticas comunitarias previstas en la misma, finalmente se hace referencia a las innovaciones administrativas causadas por la participación española en los mecanismos de Cooperación Politica Europea.

Lonbay, J., Boston College international and comparative law review, 11 (1), 1988, pages 31-74.

This article sets out the internal development problems of the European Community and asks whether the Single European Act achieves the changes necessary to overcome the difficulties

Ehlermann, Claus-Dieter, Common Market Law Review, 24 (3), 1987, pages 361-409.

The author gives a brief commentary on each provision of the Single European Act relating to the internal market

Vandermeersch, D., European law review, 12 (6), 1987, pages 407-429.

Velo, D., Journal of regional policy, 7 (3), 1987, pages 405-410.

The author outlines the phase in which the process of European integration has been hitherto articulated in order to show the limits and shortcomings of the Act as well as its nature of intermediary stage.

Lodge, J., Revue d'intégration européenne = Journal of European integration, 11 (1), 1987, pages 5-28.

The article examines the new legislative procedure prescribed by the Act and critically evaluates the possibilities for the European Parliament to exert influence on policy making under the cooperation procedure and the opportunities for the Parliament in its quest to become a genuine, supranational legislature.

Pescatore, P., Common market law review, 23 (1), 1987, pages 9-18.

The author discusses the present needs of the Community, describes how the Single Act was negotiated and analyses whether it answers to those needs

MacAleese, Dermot, Matthews, Alan, Journal of Common market studies, 26 (1), 1987, pages 39-60.

Discussion of experience of EC membership to date; of the impact of the economic provisions of the SEA on the Irish economy; of the future outlook for regional transfers in the context of the reform of the CAP; of the SEA's commitment to economic and social cohesion.

Krämer, Ludwig, Common Market Law Review, 24 (4), 1987, pages 659-688.

The author describes the environmental policy of the Community and discusses the provisions of the Single European Act with regard to Community environment law (objectives, means, powers, decision-making procedures, minimum stringency clause, ...).

Hēphaistos, Panagiōtēs, Revue d'intégration européenne = Journal of European integration, 11 (1), 1987, pages 47-62.

The paper outlines the conditions which led to the establishment of the European Political Cooperation, describes its institutional and political evolution from 1970 to the Single European Act, its basic characteristics, and its operational aspects in actual diplomatic interaction and in European integration.

Glaesner, Hans-Joachim, Fordham international law journal, 10 (3), 1987, pages 446-502.

This Article analyzes whether the Act [the Single European Act] will aid European unification.

Common market law review, 23 (2), 1986, pages 249-252.

Comments on the substantive and institutional amendments to the EEC Treaty and on the introduction of a formal system of foreign policy cooperation

Pescatore, P., Europe Documents, (1397), 1986, pages 1-8.

Glaesner, H. J., Yearbook of European Law, (6), 1986, pages 283-312.

Campbell, A., International and comparative law quarterly, 35 (4), 1986, pages 932-939.

Toth, A. G., Common market law review, 23 (4), 1986, pages 803-840.

Analysis of the legal nature and legal effects of the declarations annexed to the Single Act in the light of the law of treaties under general public international law, and in the context of European Community law. Text of the Single European Act.

Davidson, S., Freestone, D., Common market law review, 23 (4), 1986, pages 793-801.

The authors discuss the new external relations competence of the EEC (Part III of the Single Act) and the exclusion of the powers of the Court of Justice in this field (Article 31)

Lodge, J., Journal of common market studies, 24 (3), 1986, pages 203-223.

It is concluded that the SEA will contribute to augmenting the European Economic Community's internal and international effectiveness only if the SEA provides the starting point for further concerted effort.

Toth, A.G., Common market law review, 23 (4), 1986, pages 803-812.

The purpose of this paper is to consider the legal nature and legal effects of the Declarations annexed to the Final Act accompanying the Single European Act, first in the light of the law of treaties under general public international law, and then in the context of European Community law.

Forwood, Nicholas, Clough, Mark, European law review, 11 (6), 1986, pages 383-408.

The article examines the Single European Act's stated objective of completing the internal market by the end of 1992. It addresses the controversial issue of whether the S.E.A. could hinder this objective by weakening the principles currently applicable to free movement of goods and services, as established by the case law of the European Court.

Grabitz, Eberhard, Ehlermann, Claus-Dieter, Scharrer, Hans-Eckart, Integration, 9 (3), 1986, pages 95-139.

Rechtliche Bewertung -- Die Reform der Organe -- Der Binnenmarkt -- Wirtschaftlicher und regionaler Zusammenhalt -- Die neuen Vertragsartikel Forschung und technologische Entwicklung -- Die europäische Zusammenarbeit in der Aussenpolitik. -- Von der Kunst, die Herausforderung der Vielfalt zu organisieren.

Wessels, Wolfgang, Integration, (2), 1986, pages 65-79.

Diskussion der Reichweite der Luxemburger Vertragskonferenz vom Dezember 1985.

Nuttall, Simon J., Yearbook of European Law, (5), 1985, pages 203-232.