The guide has chapters on EU energy policy, Energy security, European energy market and Russia, Renewable energy, Biofuels, Energy policy and climate change.

At a Glance made by EP administration, July 2022, 7 pages.
Critical raw materials are essential to sustain Europe's economic and environmental ambitions. As geoeconomic aggression and geopolitical tensions rise, the EU is re-thinking its reliance on certain imports. Can the EU secure its supply of critical materials?

Building on the EU’s Raw Materials Initiative, this Communication presents:
-the EU 2020 list of critical raw materials
-the challenges for a secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials and actions to increase EU resilience and open strategic autonomy.

By US Department of State, June 2022.
"The United States and key partner countries have announced the establishment of the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP), an ambitious new initiative to bolster critical mineral supply chains. This announcement was made in Toronto during the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada convention, the largest mining event in the world .. MSP partners – including Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Commission – are committed to building robust, responsible critical mineral supply chains to support economic prosperity and climate objectives."

EP Briefing, 2021, 12 pages.
Lithium and cobalt (used in rechargeable batteries) and rare earth elements (used in wind turbines) are some of the critical raw materials (CRMs) – raw materials of critical importance – for the EU. Global demand for CRMs is rising, yet the export restrictions imposed by the resource-rich countries intensify the competition for these materials. To boost its access to CRMs, the EU has a dedicated strategy based on three pillars: two internal ones (increasing domestic sourcing and circularity) and an external one, which is mostly about securing supply from third countries. The external pillar of the EU CRMs policy is implemented across a number of other policies, mainly that on trade and development. It also involves deploying raw materials diplomacy.

By Marcin Szczepański for the European Parliament, 2020, 11 pages + podcast.
The pandemic has highlighted the risk involved, including for the EU, in relying heavily on external suppliers. The EU's 30 critical raw materials (CRMs) combine two characteristics: they are strategically important for its industry and economy, and there are high risks associated with securing their supply. The notion of strategic autonomy, which has been gaining track recently, calls for a more autonomous and independent EU policy, also in the area of CRMs.

By Victor Crochet (Cambridge Univ., UK). In: European Journal of International Law, 2022, 29 pages.
The European Union (EU) is regularly criticized for using its trade policies to arm-twist other countries into agreeing to supply European factories with raw materials. One area of its trade policy, however, has thus far escaped attention in this regard: trade defence. This should change as the EU increasingly uses trade defence instruments not only to address unfair trade practices but also to seek access to raw materials from other countries.

By Marc Schmid (Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, DE). In: The Review of policy research, 2021, Vol.38 (1), p.49-75.
Raw material markets have proven to be challenging in recent years. The so-called critical raw materials (CRMs), which are required for green technology, have particularly high environmental and supply risks. The revised German raw materials strategy attempts to address challenges of production and supply of CRMs and other mineral-based raw materials.

By Amund N Løvik, Christian Hagelüken, Patrick Wäger (Swiss and German researchers). In: Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2018, Vol.15, p.9-18.
Research projects on supply security of critical and precious metals in Europe are reviewed. Rare earth elements are the most commonly studied metals. The least studied metals are beryllium and magnesium. Current research is focused on specific technological developments. System-wide improvements and product-centric recycling are underrepresented.

By Michael Amoah Awuah (Univ. Bonn, DE). In: The South African journal of international affairs, 2019, Vol.26 (2), p.251-275.
The EU in 2008 launched the integrated Raw Materials Initiative, under which it has sought a sustainable supply of raw materials from global markets. Drawing on the case of African extractives governance, which is characterised by the advent of the African Mining Vision, this article applies to the EU, as a referent IO, the concept of global extractives governors, defined as authorities who exercise power across borders by influencing extractive industries and minerals policy.

Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement 2020/3 (N° 99).
Articles:

Eric Maurice for Fondation Robert Schuman in series Question d'Europe, April 2022.
Alors que la question des énergies fossiles engage avant tout les relations avec la Russie, celles des matières premières soulève le problème de la dépendance envers une autre puissance dont les intérêts sont en grande partie contraires à ceux de l'Union européenne : la Chine. Cette dernière fournit en valeur 52% des produits pour lesquels l'Europe est fortement dépendante de l'extérieur. Elle assure ainsi 89% du magnésium utilisé par l'automobile et l'électronique en Europe. Elle fournit également 90% des terres rares, considérées par la Commission comme un "enjeu vital pour la plupart des écosystèmes industriels" car elles permettent de fabriquer les aimants permanents utilisés dans les moteurs électriques, les technologies numériques ou les éoliennes. La Chine contrôle de fait 93% de la chaîne de valeur des aimants permanents et pourrait, comme elle l'a déjà fait dans le passé, réduire ses exportations ou les soumettre à des droits de douane élevés.

Note by Daniel Fiott, Vassilis Theodosopoulos for European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), 2020, 7 pages.
The EU seeks to maintain its market openness while also safeguarding critical supply chains. This can be achieved by investing in and commanding critical technology areas, diversifying and strengthening trade partnerships and managing resources.

By Vasileios Rizos, Edoardo Righetti for Centre for European Policy Studies, 2022, 20 pages.
This Policy Insight first provides a brief overview of EU import dependency on raw materials and Russia’s share among EU sources of key supplies for low-carbon technologies. It then looks at prospects for meeting future material demands though circularity for three technologies, namely lithium-ion batteries, wind turbines and fuel cell electric vehicles.

By Günther Maihold for German Institute for International and Security Affairs, 2022, 7 pages.
A succession of disruptions to world trade have put the reorganisation of inter­national supply chains high on the political agenda. The difficulties began with the trade war between the United States and China, deepened with the Covid-19 pan­demic and culminated in the sanctions and export controls imposed by Western countries after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.