J. Hackett at al., International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2025.

Across Europe, policymakers have expressed concern over the level of dependence on external suppliers for defence-critical raw materials. This report illustrates how important these materials are to modern defence equipment and discusses some of the measures that governments are taking to mitigate risk.

Institut de relations internationales et stratégiques, 2025.

Le 22 décembre 2024, le président élu des États-Unis, Donald Trump, a écrit sur son réseau Truth Social : « Pour des raisons de sécurité nationale et de liberté dans le monde, les États-Unis d'Amérique estiment que la propriété et le contrôle du Groenland sont une nécessité absolue1 ». Lors de son premier mandat, en 2019, il avait déjà exprimé son intérêt pour cette région. Au-delà de l’attractivité du Groenland en matière de ressources naturelles, comment expliquer les prétentions renouvelées de Donald Trump ?

C. Prip, Fridtjof Nansen Institute, 2024.

Greenland is in a process towards full independence and has gradually gained more autonomy in several policy areas, including many addressed by the Arctic Council. In these areas, Greenland has also been granted the right to negotiate and conclude international agreements on behalf of the Kingdom. Greenland believes that its natural interest in the Arctic has not been translated into sufficient influence on the Kingdom's Arctic policy. In the run-up to the Kingdom's Arctic Council in 2025-2027, the Greenlandic demand is not just for more influence, but to take the lead in the Arctic Council for the Kingdom. This is demonstrated by the insistence that a Kingdom Arctic Strategy can only be concluded after a Greenlandic Arctic Strategy has been adopted, and that the Kingdom's Arctic Ambassador shall be Greenlandic and appointed by Greenland. With the Arctic chairmanship very close, Greenland is in a favorable position, and the Danish government is now likely to accept the Greenlandic demand, which implies that Greenland will take the lead in running the chairmanship. However, Greenland will not be able to handle this difficult task alone. There is a lack of resources in Greenland's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Arctic Council is currently in a difficult situation with international political repercussions after Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The chairmanship will therefore have to be carried out with the support of and in close cooperation with Denmark.

André Gattolin, Fondation Robert Schuman, Schuman Papers and Interviews > Schuman Papers n°778, 2025.

Donald Trump's return to the White House confirms, after a first term marked by an attempt to buy Greenland, that the Arctic Island is a critical geopolitical issue for the United States - and that it should also be the same for the European Union.

Barry Scott Zellen, The Arctic Institute, 2025.

An analysis of US President Trump's renewed interest in acquiring Greenland and the response from Greenland.

Klaus Dodds, Groupes d'études géopolitiques, 2025.

In a series of Christmas Day observations, Trump reflected on a potential purchase of Greenland, taking back control of the Panama Canal and encouraging Canada to become the 51st state of the United States.

Dimitris Symeonidis, The Arctic Institute, 2023.

This article introduces the concept of systems thinking and provides a framework of how the EU can apply it on its Arctic policy.

Canova, Emilie, The Arctic Institute – Center for Circumpolar Security Studies, 2023.

This article provides a comparative overview of the varying appreciation(s) of the role and place of the EU in Arctic governance by these MS (Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden). To do so, national policy documents, EU policy documents, and AC observer campaign documents have been analysed (see the table below) through critical geopolitics lenses.

The Arctic Institute’s mission is to help inform Arctic policy in the context of the climate crisis.

The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs is the hub of Harvard Kennedy School's research, teaching, and training in international security and diplomacy, environment and natural resource issues, and science and technology policy.

The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is a bipartisan, nonprofit policy research organization dedicated to advancing practical ideas to address the world’s greatest challenges.

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