CVCE.eu (University of Luxembourg) (accessed on 22 January 2024).

The University of Luxembourg’s CVCE.eu website (former Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe) gives you access to documents and publications on the European integration process. It is a major information source.

Hälterlein, J., 36 (2), (2023), Science & Technology Studies, pages 26–46.

In a case study approach, the paper traces how technological expectations have been influential in the creation of European institutions, R&D programmes and regulatory instruments and how they have contributed to processes of European integration. The first case study shows how the promises of a coming 'Atomic Age' have been mobilized to support the foundation of the European Atomic Energy Community and, thus, contributed to European integration in the post-WW2 era.

Sodersten, A., International journal of constitutional law, 20 (2), 2022, pages 788-817.

The article has two aims. First, it states and discusses some possible reasons as to why the Euratom Treaty has not been revised. Second, it shows that although the Treaty has not been formally amended by treaty revision, an incremental gradual change has occurred anyway through displacement, layering, drift, conversion, and exhaustion. This change is more than profound: it provides the Euratom with a new rationale.

Zöchling, J., European Energy and Environmental Law Review, 30 (6), 2021, pages 266-274.

The aim of this article is twofold: first, to show, through a brief historical overview of the European Union (EU) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in particular, why the latter has achieved a controversial status and is yet unlikely to be reformed by the Member States (MS). The second is to illustrate that, despite this deadlock, the Euratom Treaty has undergone a change in legal significance, driven in particular by the case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), with the result that conflicts between the two Treaty regimes are almost completely avoided.

Thomas F. Cusack. Common market law review, 40 (1), 2020, page 117-141

In the forty-odd years that have elapsed since the two Treaties of Rome came into force, the attention has tended to be overwhelmingly focused on one of them, the EC Treaty and subsequent up-datings of it, to the detriment of the other, the Euratom Treaty, which has been correspondingly neglected.

Garbil, R., EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies, 6 (46), 2020, 7 pages

The European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Research and Training framework programmes are benefitting from a consistent success in pursuing excellence in research and facilitating Pan European collaborative efforts across a broad range of nuclear science and technologies, nuclear fission and radiation protection.

Grunwald, J., Europäische Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht, 13 (4), 2020, pages 407-449.

Vier Gründe sind es, die Anlass geben, einen Blick auf den neuesten Stand des Euratom-Rechts zu werfen. Zunächst ein kalendarischer: vor nicht langer Zeit feierte der Euratom-Vertrag seinen 50. Geburtstag; sodann ein energiepolitischer; sodann ein umweltpolitischer; und schließlich ein juristischer: mit dem Inkrafttreten des Vertrags von Lissabon am 1. Dezember 2009 haben sich auch für den Euratom-Vertrag Änderungen ergeben, die zwar seine nuklearpolitische Substanz unberührt lassen, die jedoch zu punktuellen Anpassungen an das neue EU-Recht führen.

Kiran Klaus Patel. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, 2019. (Retrieved 11 Jan. 2024)

Together with the Treaty of Paris (1951), which established the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the two Treaties of Rome (1957) were the founding treaties of today’s European Union. Of the two Rome treaties, the more influential proved to be that which created the European Economic Community (EEC).

Callen, J., Takamasa, A., Toma, H., Energy policy, 129, 2019, pages1416-1422.

One of the first pieces of legislation addressing the UK's departure from the EU/Euratom to complete its passage through Parliament is the Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018, which will enable the government to establish a domestic nuclear safeguards regime.

Grunwald, J. In: Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law, volume III, 2017, pages 171-121.

Sousa Ferro, M., Radioactive Waste Management in International and European Legal Perspective, 2016, pages 23-42.

This paper discusses whether Euratom rules regarding radioactive waste should be regarded as ius specialis in the context of EU Law, and the consequences thereof, particularly in defining the scope of application of Euratom and of the TEU/TFEU, in the broader context of the European Court of Justice's case-law on nuclear law.

Kilb, W., Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law, volume II, 2015, pages 151-165.

Álvarez-Verdugo, M., European law journa, 21 (2), 2015, pages 161-179.

Among the constitutional tensions at the heart of the European integration process, the relationship between 'mainstream' EU Law (framed by the Treaty on European Union) and Euratom Law has often been overlooked. Nonetheless, the EU's response to the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima provides an opportunity to revisit this relationship.

Jorant, C., European University Institute, EUI RSCAS Policy Papers, 2013.

The nuclear industry in Europe is generally viewed as mature, successful, sustainable and responsible. Its development was influenced and accompanied by the implementation of the Euratom Treaty that provided early on a legal and regional framework. Through an analysis of the main chapters of the Euratom Treaty and its own development, this paper highlights some provisions that have had and still have a practical effect on the European nuclear industry.

Montjoie, Michel, Revue du Marché commun et de l'Union européenne, (560), 2012, pages 471-483.

La protection de l'environnement pour les activités nucléaires en droit de l'Union européenne pose plusieurs problèmes : le traité Euratom a-t-il des compétences normatives en matière de protection de l'environnement ? Les compétences du TFUE en cette matière s'appliquent-elles à toutes les activités nucléaires ?

Montjoie, Michel, Revue générale de droit international public, 115 (3), 2011, pages [719]-732.

L'accident de la centrale nucléaire de Fukushima le 11 mars 2011 soulève quelques interrogations quant au cadre juridique international et européen en matière de sûreté nucléaire et plus particulièrement par rapport à la directive EURATOM de 2009. Ce texte est perçu davantage comme un instrument de communication institutionnelle que comme un texte d'obligations juridiques, des dispositions complémentaires concrètes étant attendues.

Cenevska, I., European Law Review, 35 (3) 2010, pages 415-424

The European Union is today going through a nuclear renaissance. This is a development accounted for primarily by the increasing energy demands of its Member States, bringing once again to the fore the often forgotten-about European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). As nuclear energy production in the European Union is increasingly gaining impetus, it is highly important that the applicable rules and instruments provided under the Euratom Treaty follow through and offer a solid backdrop from a legal point of view. The Euratom Treaty has always been preceded by its reputation as an "undemocratic treaty", especially with regard to the insufficient institutional leverage given to the European Parliament. Taking the recent Lisbon amendments to the Euratom Treaty into account, there is still, regrettably, much to be desired.

Barnes, Pamela M., Yearbook of European environmental law, 8, 2008, pages 182-217.

Among the most difficult challenges facing the Member States of the European Union (EU) are the interrelated challenges of increasing energy security and combating climate change. As nuclear generated electricity provides 30 per cent of the electricity used in the EU and is regarded as a virtually carbon free energy resource, one highly controversial solution to these challenges would be to increase the amount of electricity produced by nuclear technology. Nuclear generation of electricity is not a new solution to the search for secure and accessible energy in Europe.

Varandas, C., Energy conversion and management, 49 (7), 2008, pages 1803-1809.

The EURATOM Fusion Programme has the world-wide leadership of the magnetic confinement fusion research and development (R&D) activities. This paper presents a review of the strategy, programmatic content and organization of this fully integrated and co-ordinated programme. Special attention is given to the fusion R&D activities in the 7th Framework Programme as well as to the ITER Project.

Wolf, S., Integration, 29 (4), 2006, pages 297-302

... ist es recht erstaunlich, dass die Zukunft des Euratom-Vertrags bisher weder in der Öffentlichkeit, noch in der Wissenschaft diskutiert wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag möchte zur Schließung dieser Forschungslücke beitragen. Zunächst führt ein kurzer EAG-Rückblick weiter in die Thematik ein. Im Anschluss wird die Debatte über die Reform des Euratom-Vertrags im Europäischen Konvent in ihren Grundzügen skizziert. Hieraus lassen sich Kernpunkte für eine Vertragsrevision ableiten. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick.

Mauro E., Journal of European Integration History, 12 (1), 2006, pages 105-124.

The study of British self-perception regarding EURATOM shows to what extent prestige influenced supposedly rational, scientific choices in a decision-making process affected by lowest-common-denominator practices.

Gervasoni, S., Revue française de droit administratif, 21 (4), 2005, pages 828-833.

Schröder, W., Deutsches Verwaltungsblatt, 110 (7), 1995. pages 322-329.

Nieburg, H. L., World politics, 15 (4),1963, pages 597-622.

The two industrial nuclear-power blocs in Western Europe, EURATOM (European Atomic Community—the Common Market) and ENEA (European Nuclear Energy Agency, organized under the auspices of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation), represent a significant political cleavage in Europe. Both supranational groups are consortiums for the generation of industrial nuclear power, including fuel production, reprocessing, and isotope separation. EURATOM represents the Continental Six under French-West German leadership; ENEA, a more loosely organized bloc under British sponsorship.

Vedel, Georges, Revue économique, 9(2),1958, pages 213-232.

Hahn, Hugo J. , Harvard law review, 71 (6), 1958, pages 1001-1056.

Analyzing the political and legal structure of the newly constituted European Atomic Energy Community, Dr. Hahn finds that the signatory nations have given the Community a strong framework in which to conduct a foreign-relations power of its own independently of the individual member nations. He then analyzes the concept of juridical personality in public international law and concludes that Euratom possesses such personality.