European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (CNECT), 2024.

A study commissioned by the European Commission highlights the significant potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve public sector services across the EU. The report emphasizes that AI can enhance citizen-government interactions, boost analytical capabilities, and increase efficiency in key areas such as healthcare, mobility, e-Government, and education. These sectors are identified as among the most ready for large-scale AI deployment, with applications ranging from autonomous vehicles and smart traffic systems to AI-driven healthcare solutions and education technologies.

Pedemonte, V., European Commission, European AI Alliance, 2020.

This report aims to reflect on the place of Artificial Intelligence within the framework of a complex global contemporary world in the context of a Sustainable Development effort, by portraying AI in its plurality of nature and implications with the understanding of a multi-societal world concerned by socio-economical-environmental factors and issues, and by comparing it with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN).

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Tangi, L., Molinari, F., et al. Publications Office, 2021

The AI watch is the author of a large number of publications of the usage of AI (in the public sector). All of them can be retrieved from the Office of Publications Luxembourg website. This document was selected in the framework of this libguide. It first introduces the concept of AI appropriation in government, seen as a sequence of two logically distinct phases, respectively named adoption and implementation of related technologies in public services and processes. Then, it analyses the situation of AI governance in the US and China and contrasts it to an emerging, truly European model, rooted in a systemic vision and with an emphasis on the revitalised role of the member states in the EU integration process,

European Investment Bank, Verbeek, A., Lundqvist, A., Publications Office of the European Union, 2021.

This report, produced by the European Investment Bank and the European Commission, provides a global overview of the state of play of both technologies. It shows that Europe needs to address an investment gap of up to €10 billion that is holding back development and deployment of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in the EU.

Campo Ruiz, I., [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations], Open Research Europe, 2024.

The author explores the benefits and shortcomings of including Artificial Intelligence (AI) in environmental governance and remaining within planetary boundaries. AI for the environment should be used with other tools and knowledge such as humanistic, social, and ethical values.
AI systems can help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, ocean acidification, and chemical pollution, safeguard biodiversity, improve water use in agriculture, support vulnerable societies, and combat environmental crimes. AI can efficiently analyze data, monitor, predict and manage natural resources. AI systems does not only describe nature but also active shape by transforming agriculture, fishery, infrastructure, and construction practices.

European Parliament, Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services, Lopez Solano, J., Martin, A., et al., European Parliament, 2022.

With a particular focus on artificial intelligence (AI), this study identifies and examines policy options for the EU's data governance framework that align with a data justice perspective

European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Horizon Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, 2023.

Research on the past and present challenges and tensions in democracy can help to better understand and strengthen democracy, its resilience and stability. It will foster democracy’s further development with a view to enhancing representation, participation, openness, pluralism, tolerance, the effectiveness of public policy, non-discrimination, civic engagement, the protection of fundamental rights and the rule of law. These reflect the European Union’s values as defined in Article 2 of the EU Treaty. This booklet gives an overview of the projects that were selected for funding under the Horizon Europe 2022 call “Reshaping democracies” (HORIZON-CL2- 2022-DEMOCRACY-01 and 02). (chapter 2 provides examples on projects dealing with AI)

European Commission, Joint Research Centre. Publications Office of the European Union, 2023.

The portfolio aims to: • provide guidance to different levels of governance in the EU on how to make decisions with the greatest impact using the best evidence and methods available; • strengthen European democracies by providing science, knowledge, and tools to improve and innovate policymaking.

Noupadja, N., Mulquin, M., Carvalho, F., et al., European Commission, 2023.

The European Union (EU)’s strategic focus on advancing the digital transformation of smart cities and communities giving rise to a wide ecosystem of initiatives, not only contributing to Europe’s digital transition but also intertwined with the green transition under the European Green Deal umbrella. This document is a formal deliverable of the “CNECT/2022/OP/0098 - Procurement of the Technical Specifications for the Local Digital Twins (LDTs) Toolbox” project. The purpose of this deliverable is to bring forward a proposal for a high-level roadmap for the LDT Toolbox’s geographical deployment, technical scale-up, and evolution considering: the complexity of the wider ecosystem of initiatives aiming to advance the digital transformation of smart cities and communities, and the deployment of AI enabled Digital Twins; and the existing disparities of European cities and communities both in terms of overall digital maturity, and regarding the ambition levels of their LDTs.

European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union, A. Herold, P. Gailhofer, C. Urrutia, et al. European Parliament, 2021.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be deployed for a wide range of applications to promote the goals of the European Green Deal. However, adverse environmental impacts of AI could jeopardise the attainment of these goals. The report describes environmental potential, clarifies characteristics and causes of environmental risks, and outlines initiatives and best practices for environmental policies. It illustrates the need for regulatory action to align design and deployment of AI with the goals of the European Green Deal and concludes with specific recommendations. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the Special Committee on Artificial Intelligence in a Digital Age (AIDA).

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Publications Office of the European Union, 2023.

The portfolio aims to: • provide scientific and technical support to horizontal European Union policies on artificial intelligence (AI) such as the AI Act, and their sectorial applications in domains such as transport, healthcare, education or science; • host the European Centre for Algorithmic Transparency, providing technical assistance and carrying out scientific research and foresight to support the implementation of the Digital Services Act; • advance frontier research on trustworthy artificial intelligence, to further interdisciplinary knowledge and foresight on the challenges brought by new AI developments such as foundation models. (leaflet)