Guemmar, K., International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research, 5 (2), 2023.

This study aims to analyze the various components and challenges to create an advanced environment called smart cities that combines environmental sustainability and artificial intelligence in a society It is inhabited by smart people or what is called a smart society, and the author has adopted the descriptive analytical approach, including the problem raised: What are the mechanisms of transformation towards smart cities in the Arab world by activating both sustainable governance and artificial intelligence?

M. Francisco, M. and Linner, B.-O., Environmental Science and Policy, 150, 2023.

This paper presents an idea analysis of AI in the policy documents and reports of the United Nations, the European Union, and the World Economic Forum. The three organisations expect AI to contribute to sustainability and a prosperous future with better data analysis, greater amounts of quantitative knowledge, and by making economic and social activities less wasteful and more energy efficient.

Zhao, J. and Gómez Fariñas, B., European Business Organization Law Review, 24 (1), 2023.

When addressing corporate sustainability challenges, artificial intelligence (AI) is a double-edged sword. AI can make significant progress on the most complicated environmental and social problems faced by humans. On the other hand, the efficiencies and innovations generated by AI may also bring new risks, such as automated bias and conflicts with human ethics. We argue that companies and governments should make collective efforts to address sustainability challenges and risks brought by AI. Accountable and sustainable AI can be achieved through a proactive regulatory framework supported by rigorous corporate policies and reports. Given the rapidly evolving nature of this technology, we propose a harmonised and risk-based regulatory approach that accommodates diverse AI solutions to achieve the common good. Ensuring an adequate level of technological neutrality and proportionality of the regulation is the key to mitigating the wide range of potential risks inherent to the use of AI.

Murta, F.T., TEMA EU-project, 8/11/2023.

This article briefly discusses the roles that AI can play in climate change mitigation, adaptation, and resilience. Departing from a presentation on how AI can be used to tackle climate change, it presents how AI use has been embedded in sustainable agendas and how TEMA is part of the effort to explore the full potential of this technology.

Tironi, M. and Rivera Lisboa, D.I., Technology in Society, 74, 2023.

Focusing on the case of Environmental Intelligence, an initiative developed by the Chilean government's Superintendency for the Environment that incorporates AI into the monitoring process, the authors offer arguments regarding the articulation of an eco-algorithmic governmentality in which the environment is desingularized and reduced to a series of metrics associated with regulatory compliance. The operations that serve to prototype and give shape to the initiative created a series of tensions around the possibility of arriving at other forms of involvement in and understanding of the environment.

Almeida, P.G.R., Santos, C.D. and Farias, S.J., Ethics and Information Technology, 23 (3), 2021.

This article develops a conceptual framework for regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) that encompasses all stages of modern public policy-making, from the basics to a sustainable governance. Based on a vast systematic review of the literature on Artificial Intelligence Regulation (AIR) published between 2010 and 2020, a dispersed body of knowledge loosely centred around the “framework” concept was organised, described, and pictured for better understanding. The resulting integrative framework encapsulates 21 prior depictions of the policy-making process, aiming to achieve gold-standard societal values, such as fairness, freedom and long-term sustainability.

Xu. K., Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82 (14), 2023.

In recent years, the issue of governance of the ecological environment has been a subject of high of social concern, and the challenges in the governance of smog is even more remarkable. China has accumulated a vast real-time monitoring system, which mainly obtains pollution data through national monitoring stations, providing a strong foundation for atmospheric governance. However, there are still several challenges in obtaining data from national monitoring stations, such as high cost and difficulty in comprehensive coverage. In the internet world, big data, cloud computing and other technologies are rapidly developing.

Bolton, M., Raven, R. and Mintrom, M., Earth System Governance, 9, 2021.

AI is increasingly framed as a solution for achieving such outcomes, sometimes uncritically. The authors argue that: 1) for AI to improve public decision-making, the conditions and factors influencing public decisions must be better understood and considered; 2) to mainstream AI-enabled insights, transformations of those conditions and factors are necessary; and, 3) critical governance questions about those transformations must be addressed.

Tapias, B.H., Guzmán, D.H., Muñoz, N.C., et al., Procedia Computer Science, 231, 2024.

This research applies design thinking to craft a prototype for a digital participation strategy that boosts the ability of Colombian communities to protect natural ecosystems. It delves into modern digital involvement trends related to environmental sustainability and examines the roles of AI and blockchain in ensuring transparency and accountability.

Garske, B., Bau, A. and Ekardt, F., Sustainability, 13 (9), 2021.

This article analyzes the environmental opportunities and limitations of digitalization in the agricultural sector by applying qualitative governance analysis. Agriculture is recognized as a key application area for digital technologies, including artificial intelligence. This is not least because it faces major sustainability challenges, especially with regard to meeting the climate and biodiversity targets set out in the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as the water-related objectives of EU environmental legislation

Gündoğdu, H.G. and Ahmet, A., Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications, 5 (2), 2022.

This study aims to determine how much sustainable governance influences the fulfillment of multidimensional sustainable development. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the variables that reveal the impact of governance on development in terms of sustainability while the gray relational analysis method was used to rank the countries. The results reveal that increases in the number of people using the internet in society, as well as in the levels of developments in e-government and human development, environmental performance, and politicalreform, all assist countries achieve their SDGs.

Krarup, T. and Horst, M., Big Data & Society, 10 (1), 2023.

Rapid innovation in digital services relying on artificial intelligence (AI) challenges existing regulations across a wide array of policy fields. The European Union (EU) has pursued a position as global leader on ethical AI regulation in explicit contrast to US laissez-faire and Chinese state surveillance approaches. This article asks how the seemingly heterogeneous approaches of market making and ethical AI are woven together at a deeper level in EU regulation.

Strielkowski, W., Zenchenko, S., Tarasova, A., et al., Sustainability, 14 (12), 2022.

Nowadays, the concept of smart sustainable governance is wrapped around basic principles such as: (i) transparency, (ii) accountability, (iii) stakeholders’ involvement, and iv) citizens’ participation. It is through these principles that are influenced by information and communication technologies (ICT), Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence, that the practices employed by citizens and their interaction with electronic government (e-government) are diversified. Previously, the misleading concepts of the smart city implied only the objective of the local level or public officials to utilize technology. However, the recent European experience and research studies have led to a more comprehensive notion that refers to the search for intelligent solutions which allow modern sustainable cities to enhance the quality of services provided to citizens and to improve the management of urban mobility. The smart city is based on the usage of connected sensors, data management, and analytics platforms to improve the quality and functioning of built-environment systems.

Zhang, D., Pee, L.G., Pan, S.L., et al., Government Information Quarterly, 39 (4), 2022.

This paper presents an idea analysis of AI in the policy documents and reports of the United Nations, the European Union, and the World Economic Forum. The three organisations expect AI to contribute to sustainability and a prosperous future with better data analysis, greater amounts of quantitative knowledge, and by making economic and social activities less wasteful and more energy efficient. Several challenges are also named: ethics, human rights, cybersecurity, access to reliable data, transparency, and the digital gap. The solutions presented are multi-stakeholder collaboration, cohesive but flexible governance frameworks, but also taking the lead to push for ethical and value-based AI and making sure AI is sustainable. Ideas about AI appear to stem from discourses of ecological modernisation and green governmentality. This framing turns political and structural challenges into technical issues to be solved with more data, greater collaboration, and technical progress. The similarities in ideas between the EU, the UN, and the World Economic Forum also suggest that ideas about AI and sustainable development have reached discourse institutionalisation. Ideas about AI are therefore likely to reinforce already existing institutional and discursive settings.

Margetts, H. and Dorobantu, C., Nature, 568 (7751), 2019.

The authors urge that policymakers should harness data to deliver public services that are responsive, efficient and fair.

Vinuesa, R., Azizpour, H., Leite, I., et al., Nature Communications, 11 (1), 2020.

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and its progressively wider impact on many sectors requires an assessment of its effect on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Using a consensus-based expert elicitation process, we find that AI can enable the accomplishment of 134 targets across all the goals, but it may also inhibit 59 targets. However, current research foci overlook important aspects. The fast development of AI needs to be supported by the necessary regulatory insight and oversight for AI-based technologies to enable sustainable development. Failure to do so could result in gaps in transparency, safety, and ethical standards.

Choi, H. and Park, M.J., Science & Public Policy, 50 (6), 2023

This study proposes a comprehensive framework for designing AI governance in the public sector to overcome the limitations of previous studies that primarily dealt with the fragmentary aspect of AI. Also, the authors applied the developed framework to the case of Korea by combining it with the rank-order survey questions that target experts. This case study presents how to use the framework and provides insight for other countries.

Middleton, S.E., Letouze, E., Hossaini, A., et al., Communications of the ACM, Vol. 65 (4), 2022.

Middleton et al discuss trust, regulation, and human-in-the-loop artificial intelligence (AI) within the European region. Trust matters, especially in critical sectors such as healthcare, defense, and security, where duty of care is foremost.