40 years of the Schengen Agreement: Research
Selected articles and studies on the outlook of the Schengen Agreements
(In chronological order)
- Watching the guards: Ensuring compliance with fundamental rights at the external borders
Rijpma, Jorrit J., European law journal, 30(1/2), 2024, pages 74-86.
The essay deals with the enhancement of the legal framework for informal readmissions at internal borders enshrined in the proposal on an amended Schengen Border Code, which in turn requires enhancement of bilateral police cooperation. I - Competing visions and constitutional limits of Schengen Reform: Securitization, gradual supranationalization and the undoing of Schengen as an identity-creating project
Bornemann, Jonas, German law journal, 25 (3), 2024, pages 407-426.
Schengen integration has been home to different visions from the outset. In this vein, it owes much of its success to the fact that it has been both practical and symbolic in nature. However, this equilibrium of different visions has been upset following a series of crises.
- Borders in the future: Policing unwanted mobility through entry bans in the Schengen area
Könönen, Jukka, Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 49 (11), 2023, pages 2799-2816.
Despite their prominent role in the Return Directive and the constitution of the common European border regime, entry bans and their role in the governance of unwanted mobility remain largely unexamined in migration research.
- The Schengen Area as a fair-weather project? A discursive analysis of solidarity
Votoupalová, Markéta, Journal of international relations and development, 25 (3), 2022, pages 685-708.
The main findings are that whereas scholars tend to link solidarity to free movement and incoming refugees, legislative and political discourse emphasise external border controls. Indeed, this suggests that Schengen will remain resilient as long as its security is ensured, no matter the reimpositions of internal borders. These are perceived as a remedy to Schengen deficiencies rather than a problem per se . Also, in line with EU legislation, the interstate dimension of solidarity clearly prevails within Schengen.
- How to improve sustainability of the Schengen agreement on open borders?
Nikolić, Bruno, Pevcin, Primož, International migration, 60 (1), 2022, pages 244-257.
To eliminate this structural limitation and thus strengthen the sustainability of the Schengen agreement on open borders, the article proposes a fully functioning Common European Asylum System (CEAS) based on a unified asylum system and governed by a centralized EU institution.
- How to construct cross-border cooperation? Local border traffic as a mechanism of shaping the external relations of the European Union and Schengen Area from the perspective of constructivism: the case of the Baltic Sea region
Żęgota, Krzysztof, Journal of Baltic studies, 52 (3), 2021, pages 397-417.
Cross-border cooperation (CBC) at the external borders of the European Union and the Schengen Area is one of the most important challenges of the EU’s external policy, especially after the enlargements in 2004 and 2007. Crucially, this cooperation is being implemented despite the actual freezing of the EU’s relations with its largest eastern neighbor – the Russian Federation after the annexation of Crimea and the outbreak of the conflict in eastern Ukraine.
- Let us Europeans move: How collective identities drive public support for border regimes inside the EU
Karstens, Felix, Journal of common market studies, 58 (1), 2020, pages 116-137.
For the future of European integration these insights are politically relevant. They suggest that the near future will not see either fast and deep integration or a breakup of the Schengen area. (page 134)
- Surveillance Aircraft and the Borders of Schengen
Novotný, Vít, European view, 19 (1), 2020, pages 27-35.
There is a widespread perception that the development of surveillance technologies in border management is antagonistic to civil liberties. This article attempts to contribute to a better understanding of the need for new technological means to survey the EU’s external border.
- Crisis of Schengen? The effect of two 'migrant crises' (2011 and 2015) on the free movement of people at an internal Schengen border
Casella Colombeau, Sara, Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 46 (11), 2020, pages 2258-2274.
By adopting a bottom-up approach toward EU policy implementation, this article shows that regardless of government's attempt at spectacularising checks at the internal border, the extent to which the border is either 'closed' or 'open' relies on the member states' administrations. At the bottom of the chain of command, street-level bureaucrats are tasked with managing the inherent ambiguities of free movement as defined in the Schengen convention, concentrating the checks on third-country nationals and leaving the vast majorities of border crossings unaffected.
- Back to Schengen: The collective securitisation of the EU free-border area
Ceccorulli, Michela, West European politics, 42 (2), 2019, pages 302-322.
This article considers how a major influx of migrants from North Africa and the Middle East during 2015 led to an EU-initiated collective securitisation of the Schengen space - Comparing the politicisation of EU integration during the Euro and Schengen crises
Schuette, Leonard, Journal of contemporary European research, 15 (4), 2019, pages 380-400.
Although European integration has become an increasingly salient and controversial topic in domestic politics, the consequences of this politicisation of the European Union for the integration process have not received adequate scholarly attention. To fill this lacuna, this article devises five hypotheses on the effects of politicisation for the integration process, which are subsequently tested against the evidence of the Euro and Schengen crises. - The effect of changes in border regimes on border regions crime rates: Evidence from the Schengen Treaty
Sandner, Malte, Wassmann, Pia, Kyklos, 71 (3), 2018 pages 482-506.
Results show that in Germany and Austria, a significant positive effect can only be observed for burglaries, suggesting that public concerns proved to be justified for this type of criminal offense. In contrast, no significant effect can be observed for overall crime rates or for other common types of crime against property, indicating that there is little empirical evidence for the widespread concerns about public security.
- Saving Schengen: How to protect passport-free travel in Europe
Brady, Hugo, Centre for European Reform; 2012.
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