Energy independence: European energy market and Russia
eBook
Aspects of the Energy Union : Application and effects of European energy policies in SE Europe and Eastern Mediterranean by Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, XXX, 346 pages.
This book provides a comprehensive exploration of some of the most critical issues regarding the EU's Energy Union policy. Applied European energy policies face a number of challenges ranging from the geopolitics of energy and energy regulation, to climate change, advancing renewable and gas technologies, and consumer empowerment structures.
eBook
Russian Energy Chains : The Remaking of Technopolitics from Siberia to Ukraine to the European Union by Columbia University Press, 2021, 440 pages.
To understand Russian energy power in this region, it is necessary to look at the entire value chain —including production, processing, transportation, and marketing — and at the full spectrum of domestic and external actors involved, from Gazprom to regional oligarchs to European Union regulators.This book follows Russia’s three largest fossil-fuel exports—natural gas, oil, and coal—from production in Siberia through transportation via Ukraine to final use in Germany in order to understand the tension between energy as threat and as opportunity.
See also article by same author: Europe is determined to cut fossil fuel ties with Russia, even though getting Hungary on board won’t be easy / Margarita Balmaceda. In: The Conversation, May 2022.
eBook
EU-Russia energy relations : A discursive approach by Springer, 2019, XIV, 218 pages.
This book explores the timely topic of energy security and international relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation.
eBook
The Future of Energy : Prospective Scenarios on EU-Russia Relations by Nova Science Publishers, 2019, 330 pages.
This book presents the main conclusions reached by the academic project "Geopolitics of Gas and the Future of the Euro-Russian Relations (Geo4GER)." This project is being developed at IPRI -- Portuguese Institute of International Relations, NOVA University, an academic research institute dedicated to advanced studies in Political Science and International Relations, of NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal. Energy security is a key issue on the international political agenda, a prerequisite for political stability and economic development and an indivisible part of a state's overall security. For Europe, the high-energy insufficiency is a major challenge, given its dependence on external sources, especially from Russia, the lack of diversification of energy sources, and the poor branch of its transmission network.
eBook
Beyond the EU Regulatory State : Energy security and the Eurasian gas market by ECPR Press : Rowman & Littlefield International, 2019, xi, 235 pages.
The EU's growing dependence on natural gas and Russian resources, energy security has become a hot discussion topic in academia and in policy circles in Brussels, Washington and many European capitals. However, most of the books on the subject use a very descriptive and/or normative approach and very few attempt to theorise EU energy security outside of mainstream conceptualisations of the EU as an international actor.
eJournal article
- Theorising conflict and cooperation in EU-Russia energy relations: ideas, identities and material factors in the Nord Stream 2 debateBy Marco Siddi (Finnish Institute of International Affairs). In: East European politics, 2020-10-01, Vol.36 (4), p.544-563.
The paper argues that ideational factors, notably different conceptualisations of Russia in the national identities of EU member states, are essential to understand the conflict/cooperation dichotomy in the energy sector. The argument is illustrated through an analysis of national leaders’ discourses on Nord Stream-2, with a focus on Germany and Poland.
eJournal article
- Discursive Politics of Energy in EU – Russia Relations : Russia as an "Energy Superpower" and a "Raw-Material Appendage"By Anna Kuteleva (Univ. Alberta, CA). In: Problems of Post-Communism, Volume 67, 2020 - Issue 1: Russia and Europe.
Vladimir Putin’s regime has struggled to restore Russia’s great power status. The discourses that have emerged around Russian energy wealth play a particularly significant role in this struggle and shape Russia’s identity in international relations. These multiple and contradictory understandings of energy resources are encapsulated in the two dominant discourses: the energy superpower and the raw-material appendage discourses. This paper examines these discourses and then demonstrates how they shape Russia’s energy diplomacy toward the European Union.
eJournal article
- The EU Without Russian Oil and Gas
By Guntram B Wolff (Bruegel). In: Intereconomics, 2022-04-08, Vol.57 (2), p.66-67.
" ... a full embargo would be a huge and far-reaching step. And while it would hit Putin hard in the short term, it would also accelerate the adjustment process in Russia towards diff erent sources of demand for its fossil fuels. Currently, the physical infrastructure is not there to bring the oil and gas to energy-hungry Asia. Still, even with the infrastructure in place, Putin would likely lose – even in the long term – as China will exploit its unique position as the main remaining buyer of Russian fossil fuel to reduce the price."
eJournal article
- Die Folgen eines russischen Erdgasembargos
Veronika Grimm (Friedrich-Alexander-Univ., DE), Andreas Löschel (Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, DE), Karen Pittel (ifo, DE). In: Wirtschaftsdienst, 2022-04-19, Vol.102 (4), p.251-255.
In the discussion about the possible consequences of an embargo, forecasts vary from serious but manageable effects on economic development to mass unemployment and deindustrialisation. Regarding the short run, the main question is: How much of Russian natural gas supply can be replaced and saved by next winter. We provide an overview of existing analyses on savings and substitution potentials, followed by some fundamental policy principles aimed at dealing with a halt in Russian natural gas supplies.
eJournal article
- Economic interdependence and economic sanctions: a case study of European Union sanctions on RussiaPaul M. Silva, Zachary Selden (both from Univ., Florida, US). In: Cambridge review of international affairs, 2020-03-03, Vol.33 (2), p.229-251.
We test the hypothesis that EU member states that are more economically interdependent with Russia would be the most opposed to the imposition of sanctions on Russia in response to its actions in Ukraine in 2013–2014. However, an analysis of the debate over the imposition of sanctions shows the opposite: a modest positive correlation between economic interdependence and support for the sanctions among EU member states.
EU paper
- Russia's war on Ukraine: Implications for EU energy supply
At a Glance from EP administration, March 2022, 2 pages: Russia is the largest exporter of oil, natural gas and coal to the EU. Already before the crisis, natural gas prices had increased significantly. The current crisis is likely to have a major impact on price levels in Europe. The EU will need to see how to increase its energy independence, using some of the building blocks of the Green Deal.
EU paper
- REPowerEU: A plan to rapidly reduce dependence on Russian fossil fuels and fast forward the green transition
18 May 2022: The European Commission has today presented the REPowerEU Plan, its response to the hardships and global energy market disruption caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine. There is a double urgency to transform Europe's energy system: ending the EU's dependence on Russian fossil fuels, which are used as an economic and political weapon and cost European taxpayers nearly €100 billion per year, and tackling the climate crisis. Elements:
- Saving energy, see Communication.
- Diversifying supplies and supporting our international partners, see Joint European Action for more affordable, secure and sustainable energy.
- Accelerating the rollout of renewables, see EU Solar Energy Strategy.
- Reducing fossil fuel consumption in industry and transport
- Smart Investment
Think Tank paper
- Russia's war on Ukraine: A sanctions timeline
By Chad P. Bown for US-based Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), updated continuously.
This page tracks economic sanctions by the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, and other major economies, providing notable details about their execution and context with wartime events, also with links provided to formal government actions and PIIE analysis. These include sanctions against Russia as well as against Belarus for facilitating and supporting Russia’s actions in war. The timeline also includes Russia’s counter-sanctions, certain major economies’ announcements not to sanction Russia, and trade actions that advantage countries involved in the war.
Think Tank paper
- Europe’s Russian oil embargo: significant but not yet
Blog post by Ben McWilliams, Simone Tagliapietra, Georg Zachmann for Bruegel, June 2022.
The ban on most Russian oil significantly scales up the EU response to aggression against Ukraine, but the bloc should stand ready for retaliatory actions.
More blog posts:
REPowerEU: will EU countries really make it work? By Simone Tagliapietra, May 2022.
The EU needs transparent oil data and enhanced coordination. By Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Ben McWilliams, Georg Zachmann, May 2022.
Think Tank paper
- Stop feeding the bear. The case for a smart embargo on Putin’s oil and gas
Blogpost by Thomas Pellerin-Carlin for the Jacques Delors Institute, 9 May 2022.
In 2022, the European Union cannot make war between Ukraine and Russia unthinkable, but it can make Putin’s war on Ukraine materially impossible. By cutting Russian fossil fuel exports, the EU would deprive Putin of the money he needs to sustain his war effort.
Think Tank paper
- Europe must stop paying for Russia’s war
Bulletin article by Ian Bond, Zach Meyers, Elisabetta Cornago for Centre for European Reform, 30 March 2022.
Putin wants Europe to pay for gas in roubles, forcing it to deal with Russia’s central bank. Europe should respond by ending Russian hydrocarbon imports sooner than planned.
You can also hear the podcast Phasing out Russian gas, UK-EU relations and Hungary’s response to the war, 30 March 2022, 20 min.