Energy independence: Energy security
eBook
The Nordic Dimension of Energy Security by Springer, 2020, 282 pages.
"This book will show that when some countries begin using oil and gas as an instrument of exerting pressure and to realize political goals, energy security becomes synonymous with national security as well as economic security. It is within this context that the Nordic countries serve as role models and an exemplification of modern, innovative and ecofriendly solutions."
eBook
Modern Geopolitics of Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons in an Age of Energy Transformation by Springer, 2020, 172 pages.
This book provides an in-depth assessment of the modern geopolitics of hydrocarbon resources in the territorial waters of the Eastern Mediterranean, highlighting the current conflicts and disputes in the maritime territories of Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Cyprus, and Turkey. Further, these geopolitical aspects are analyzed within the broader context of the tensions between and competing interests of big powers such as the USA, Russia, and the European Union.
eBook
External Energy Security in the European Union : Small member states' perspective by Routledge, 2019, 189 pages.
This book explores the positions of small EU members in approaching external energy security, using Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia as case studies. It examines when small EU members support and when they oppose further development of cooperation at the European level in external energy security and argues that their preferences depend on their perceived ability to deal with the challenges of their energy policies.
eJournal article
- Diversification, concentration and renewability of the energy supply in the European Union
By Mattia De Rosa, Kenneth Gainsford, Donal P. Finna (all at University College Dublin, IE), Fabiano Pallonetto (Maynooth Univ., IE). In: Energy, Volume 253, 15 August 2022, 124097.
Europe shows a stable evolution of the fuel mix diversity at EU28 aggregated level. European import dependency reduces the energy security by 30%. The implementation of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) policies across the EU is not homogenous. Diversification of the fuel mix and support for domestic fuels need to be fostered. Policies need to merge decarbonisation targets with energy security constraints.
eJournal article
- An energy community for territorial resilience: Measurement of the risk of an energy supply blackout
By Guglielmina Mutani, Silvia Santantonio, Grazia Brunetta, Ombretta Caldarice, Micaela Demichela (All from Politecnico di Torino, IT). In: Energy and buildings, 2021-06-01, Vol.240, p.110906 (28 pages).
The Clean Energy Package is aimed at making the energy transition recommended by the European Union more competitive. Such an energy transition can be achieved through a variety of measures aimed at improving the security, sustainability and competitiveness of energy supply systems. These measures include the introduction of physical and regulatory infrastructures that are adequate to satisfy the energy market requirements, integrate renewable energies and ensure security of the energy supply.
eJournal article
- Analysis of the level of energy security in the three seas initiative countries
By Magdalena Tutak, Jarosław Brodny (both from Silesian University of Technology, PL). In: Applied energy, 2022-04-01, Vol.311.
Ensuring energy security is one of the main objectives of the economic policy of the European Union (EU) and individual member states. This particularly concerns the new EU members, which, apart from Austria, form the Three Seas Initiative. One of the primary goals of this Initiative is to achieve energy independence while achieving climate neutrality.
Read more about the Three Seas Initiative.
The initiative brings together 12 countries located between the Baltic, Black, and Adriatic seas: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Austria, Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria.
EU paper
- Energy security / European Commission
Overview pages about the European legislation and other initiatives from EU institutions. Headers: EU Energy Platform -- Secure gas supplies -- Diversification of gas supply sources and routes -- Gas storages -- Security of electricity supply -- EU oil stocks -- Offshore oil and gas safety -- Oil and gas licensing -- Critical infrastructure and cybersecurity -- Energy supply and pandemics.
EU paper
- Energy security in the EU's external policy: in-depth analysis
By Martin Russell for The European Parliament, 2020, 28 pages. Full text in English, German and French.
This publication describes the link between energy security and the EU's external policy. The EU imports most of its energy, and its biggest supplier is Russia, a country with very different foreign policy goals to the EU's. Energy is a key aspect of the EU's external relations, not only with energy suppliers such as Russia, but also with neighbouring transit countries. Alongside internal measures to integrate European markets, energy diplomacy is a central part of the EU's efforts to address energy insecurity.
Statistics
- Monthly reliance on Russian oil for OECD countries
Compiled by the International Energy Agency. Shows the share of oil from Russia in total imports, oil demand and refinery intake for OECD countries.